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5 min read
DeFi Wasn’t Ready for Institutional Trading — Until Now

Institutions don’t want gimmicks. They want low-latency execution, verifiable fairness, and crash-proof infrastructure. CVEX is building exactly that.

At first glance, all DeFi exchanges are similar. They all have bright interfaces, stock exchange glasses, charts, and a couple of “Buy” and “Sell” buttons. And the illusion is created as if the main thing has already been solved. But in reality, the deeper you look, the more it becomes clear: the beautiful interface is a showcase. And the real complexity is hidden in the backend.

After all, what makes an exchange a real infrastructure you can trust? Not buttons. Not tokens. It's the ability to ensure that every transaction actually happens and no one runs away with the money. That's what's called clearing. This is an invisible but critical process that checks, blocks, recalculates, and finalizes every position.

What is Clearing?
Clearing is the process that guarantees the execution of trades. It calculates how much you owe or receive, checks whether you have enough collateral, and locks up the right amounts. All this happens before and after each transaction so that there are no “forgotten debts” or “missing” counterparties.

Most DeFi platforms try to impress by showing off new features or gamification. But institutional participants look deeper: Can they trust the platform with millions of dollars, knowing that everything works predictably and smoothly?

At CVEX, we started with the hardest part, and we've already solved the clearing problem. Now we are moving on to the next height: high-speed order matching. 


Why the Matching Engine Is the Key

A good stock exchange is like an orchestra. Someone has to conduct it so that all the notes sound in time. In the world of trading, this role is played by the order matching engine. It decides who trades with whom, at what price, and at what moment. Does that sound simple? In reality, one of the most complex engineering tasks in the industry.

For many years, there was a classic compromise: if you want speed, go to centralized systems; if you want transparency, sacrifice speed. Centralized engines (like on large CEXs) run in fractions of a second, but inside is a black box. How exactly do they make decisions? Why did order A execute before order B? There's no way to know. And frankly, they don't owe anyone an explanation.

On the other hand, decentralized exchanges give full transparency, but everything slows down. Every order goes through a blockchain where time is measured in slots and gas, not milliseconds. The result is slow, inconvenient, and almost unusable for algorithmic trading.

Our goal is to break this opposition. We're building an engine that gives you speed like CEX and confidence like DEX. Or as we call it, “CEX performance with DEX trust”. Fast, honest, verifiable. Not the illusion of decentralization is real.

CEX vs. DEX vs. CVEX — Comparative Table:

Feature Centralized Exchange Typical DEX CVEX
Matching Speed High (~0.1s) Low (~1–3s) High
Verifi Ability Low High High
Latency Transparency Opaque Clear Clear
On-chain Auditability None Partial Full

For institutional players, it's not just nice to have. They won't bet millions on a system where they have to either wait three blocks for confirmation or trust in the honesty of some Amazon server. They want to see how the mechanism works and be sure that it won't fail at the right moment.


How to Build a Fast and Honest Matching Engine

When people talk about speed in trading, they often picture lightning-fast charts and shouts of “faster, faster!” in a hedge fund office. But in reality, it's not the external entourage that decides everything, but what happens in the machine's memory—yes, right in the RAM.

Our matching engine works the same way as the traditional market leaders Eurex, NASDAQ, and CME. All orders are stored and processed directly in RAM. It's called RAM-based CLOB (Central Limit Order Book), and it's the industry standard for speed.

Why is this important? Because the disk is slow. Even the fastest SSD can't compare to reading from RAM. When the market is moving, every millisecond counts. One glitch and you're no longer first in line. The algorithm misses, the trade fails, the trader is not happy, and you lose your reputation (and money).

The basis of the CVEX architecture:

  • Memory instead of disk: All order data in RAM. No latency to write or read from disk.
  • Target: 200k-300k events per second, like Eurex. This is not a fantasy, but an industry benchmark.
  • Low-level implementation: C++ or Rust. No frameworks, maximum control over performance.
  • Parallelism: The architecture is sharpened for multithreaded processing. All processor cores work on the result.
  • Classic logic: Price and time priority, but with a performance that can withstand the load of pro-algorithm trading.

We don't just process orders quickly; we do it in such a way that no data stream becomes a bottleneck. There are no unnecessary layers. There is just speed, reliability, and predictability. Because serious market participants require engineering, not magic.


How to Be Fast but Trustworthy

Speed is a good thing. But in the world of crypto, “everything is fast” is not enough. The question any serious user will ask is, “How do I know you're not cheating?”

And it's a perfectly reasonable one. If the matching engine works outside the blockchain, where evidence is not published instantly, why should users believe it? The answer is simple: they shouldn't. And they won't. So we are building a system where believing is not necessary to verify.

We use a hybrid verification architecture that combines two approaches:

  1. Zero-knowledge proofs (zk-proofs): our engine regularly publishes on the blockchain a cryptographic proof that all matches were correct, without having to show each individual order.
  2. Optimistic verification: To increase speed, instead of waiting for proof for each action, we publish the result immediately and assume it is correct. But! If someone notices a mistake or an attempt to cheat, they can submit fraud proof, and the protocol will cancel the unfair result.

And now here's the best part: CVEX can use both approaches simultaneously.

First, instant publication of the result for fast trading. And then quietly confirming it via zk proof to record it with full confidence.

The bottom line?

  1. You get the speed of CEX.
  2. You get the transparency of DEX.
  3. No trades are left in a “black box”.

We don't ask you to trust. We just leave a trail for you to check everything.


Institutional Level Without Compromise

At some point, talk of TPS, fault tolerance, and risk management starts to sound like background. Especially for those who have already run exchanges, traded on the CME, and know what real infrastructure means. Let's save time and go over what's really important and what CVEX has already implemented:

  • No “2 million TPS” on paper. We don't engage in a marketing carnival with fabulous numbers. Instead, honest benchmarks. StarkEx has 9,000 transactions per second in the lab, about 40 per market in production. We're aiming for 100,000 confirmed and verified transactions per second, taking into account all on-chain limitations. Because what matters is not how many you can send, but how many you can actually fulfill.
  • No points of failure. We have a cluster of consensus engines. One node goes down, another one picks it up. There are redundant sequences. There are on-chain checkpoints. Even in a worst-case scenario, everything can be restored to the last confirmed state. You don't have assets stuck “in the server's RAM” because the server is no longer responding. Everything is backed up on the chain.
  • KYB pools and credit slots. We get it: not everyone wants to trade against an anonymous “ape420.eth”. That's why the tiered order book: shared for everyone, nested only for verified participants. Want to know who you're trading with? Choose a KYB pool. What's more, you can guarantee other participants' trades by acting as a credit provider through a smart contract. Welcome to on-chain prime brokerage.
  • Stock exchange risk management level: Automatic circuit breakers if the market is flying into the abyss; human oversight in case of bugs or Oracle glitches; and attention to the auction reopening after a shutdown. Not just “turn it back on” and watch the chaos, but collect all bids and set a fair price to restart.
  • No fake reward mechanics. We do not reward wash trading. We do not incentivize the race for fake volumes. Only real liquidity: tight spreads, depth, live orders. All metrics are public, on blockchain or via API. Want a reward? Provide real market value. Want to screw volume with yourself? Walk by.

If you're institutional, you're not looking for a platform that looks pretty. You're looking for one where nothing falls apart at the moment. Where everything is verifiable. Where trades are closed by the rules, not by agreement. Where you don't have to take your word for it because you can look at the code.

CVEX is built to be just such an exchange, without compromise, with engineering you can trust, and with architecture neither you nor we will be ashamed of.


Wrapping Up

In a marketplace where a new exchange pops up every week with a new token, neon-gradient banding, and the promise of a “revolution,” it's easy to lose your bearings. Everyone talks about innovation, but few do the infrastructure, and even fewer do it right.

Institutional players don't fall for animated graphics. They don't want a token that supposedly “redefines liquidity.” They need a platform where orders are executed quickly, risks are controlled fairly, and all processes can be checked without human intervention.

CVEX is just such a platform.

  1. Speed that can be measured. Not “almost instantaneous” but with clear metrics for latency and throughput.
  2. Security that can be replicated. There are no promises, but a mechanism with reserves, auditing, and on-chain checkpoints.
  3. Motivation that works. Not rewards for trading into the void, but rewards for liquidity useful to the market.

This is not a toy exchange. It's a serious bid for what DeFi should be if it wants to move beyond speculation and become a real part of the global financial infrastructure.

We're not just trying to catch up with TradFi. We are rewriting the rules with open-source, transparent logic and engineering that can withstand any market conditions.

DeFi you can trust, that's where we're going. And now you know exactly how.

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5 min read
CVEX’s Proactive Default Prevention System

In the fast-paced and often unpredictable world of cryptocurrency trading, managing risk effectively is paramount for both traders and platforms. The CVEX Protocol, renowned for its innovative approach to decentralised finance (DeFi), introduces a cutting-edge mechanism to address these challenges: the Default Prevention system. This system is specifically designed to mitigate the risks associated with limit orders, ensuring a stable and efficient trading environment on the CVEX platforms.

Understanding the Complexity of Margin Requirements

The dynamic nature of margin requirements on CVEX, influenced by contract volatility and price correlations, presents a unique challenge. Traders are required to pre-allocate and reserve collateral for placed orders, which can lead to stringent margin demands. These requirements may fluctuate significantly due to changes in market conditions or portfolio exposure, making proactive risk management essential.

The Proactive Approach of Default Prevention

To navigate these complexities, CVEX has implemented a Default Prevention system that meticulously monitors and manages all limit orders across the platforms. Before a limit order is placed in the order book, the system evaluates the initial margin requirements for the trader’s current portfolio as if the order were executed under prevailing market conditions. This ensures that orders only enter the order book if the margin requirements are met, initiating default prevention monitoring.

The Role of Clearance Bots in Maintaining Market Stability

A key feature of this system is the employment of Clearance Bots, which play a crucial role in preemptively terminating limit orders that could lead to a trader’s liquidation. These bots focus on orders with a high probability of execution and those that would significantly impact the trader’s margin ratio. By doing so, they help maintain market stability and protect traders from potential financial distress.

Operational Mechanics and Incentives

When an order is terminated by the protocol, the associated trading fee is not reimbursed to the trader but is instead awarded to the Clearance Bot responsible for the termination. This arrangement serves dual purposes: it incentivises traders to diligently monitor their orders and maintain adequate collateral, and it motivates Clearance Bots to actively participate in default prevention. This competitive environment ensures that the CVEX platforms remain a secure and attractive venue for trading.

Enhancing Trader Security and Platform Efficiency

CVEX’s Default Prevention system is a testament to the platform’s commitment to enhancing trader security and operational efficiency. By preemptively addressing the risks associated with limit orders, CVEX not only safeguards traders’ interests but also fosters a more stable and reliable trading ecosystem. This innovative approach highlights CVEX’s role as a leader in DeFi, pushing the boundaries of what is possible in cryptocurrency trading.

5 min read
Ensuring On-Chain Security with CVEX

CVEX takes a proactive and comprehensive approach to on-chain security and risk prevention. This article outlines our meticulous strategies to safeguard our users and their assets, ensuring a secure trading environment on our platform.

Smart Contract Audits: The First Line of Defense

At CVEX, we recognise the critical role smart contracts play in maintaining the integrity and security of our platform. To this end, our smart contracts are rigorously audited by leading third-party security firms specialising in blockchain technology. These audits are designed to detect any vulnerabilities and ensure that the contracts operate precisely as intended, providing a robust foundation for our security framework.

Decentralised Security Measures

Leveraging the inherent security features of blockchain technology, CVEX ensures that all transactions and assets on the platform are secured against unauthorised access. We advocate for the use of hardware wallets and secure private key storage methods, offering our users guides and best practices to enhance their wallet security.

CVEX operates with clearly defined and transparent risk parameters embedded within our smart contracts. This transparency allows for effective risk mitigation strategies, ensuring that the risks associated with trading are well-managed and understood. Each user account is treated as an independent entity, allowing for precise risk management and safeguarding against systemic risk.

Empowering Users Through Education

We believe in empowering our users with knowledge. CVEX provides an extensive knowledge base, including documentation, tutorials, and resources focused on security best practices and risk management. Our commitment to continuous learning is reflected in our educational initiatives, such as webinars and real-time updates, aimed at keeping our users informed about the latest developments in blockchain security.

A well-informed community is a secure community. CVEX fosters a culture of security and risk awareness through active engagement with our users. We provide platforms for discussion, support, and the sharing of experiences and strategies, reinforcing the collective security of our ecosystem.

Conclusion

CVEX’s approach to on-chain security and risk prevention is rooted in a commitment to providing a safe, transparent, and efficient trading environment. By combining rigorous smart contract audits, decentralised security measures, transparent risk management, and a strong focus on user education and community support, we aim to set a new standard for security in the DeFi space. Join us to create a secure and prosperous future for decentralised trading.

5 min read
Understanding Liquidation Protocols on CVEX

Crypto Valley Exchange (CVEX) stands at the forefront of managing the dynamic challenges in decentralised finance. With a firm commitment to trader protection and market stability, CVEX implements an advanced liquidation protocol. This mechanism is a cornerstone of the platform, ensuring that the market’s integrity and the traders’ interests are preserved even during intense market fluctuations.

Margin Ratios as Safety Thresholds

On CVEX, liquidation is initiated when a trader’s margin ratio falls beyond 100%. This is a clear signal that the trader’s collateral is no longer adequate to cover the risks associated with their positions. CVEX deploys Clearance Bots to address this, which kickstarts a well-structured liquidation process. The objective here is to minimise market disruption and ensure that the values are recovered fairly, thus maintaining a balanced risk exposure.

A Layered Approach to Liquidation

CVEX’s liquidation protocol is intricate, featuring three distinct methods, each contributing to the overall stability of the market:

  1. Market Order Liquidation with Liquidation Fee. The platform quickly executes market orders at the most favorable current prices. If a market order cannot be filled completely, it is withdrawn to mitigate any adverse impact on the market. The liquidation fee, set at approximately 2% of the position’s nominal value, is directed into the Default Fund, which stabilises reserves during market turmoil or liquidity crises.
  2. Utilising the Default Fund. The Default Fund intervenes to fill the financial gaps when the liquidation proceeds are inadequate. Moreover, this fund is replenished with any surplus generated from liquidations, maintaining its capacity to stabilise the market in future scenarios.
  3. Counterparty Liquidation via Auto Deleverage Queue. In extreme cases where other methods fall short, CVEX resorts to Counterparty Liquidation. This method systematically reduces counteracting positions in the market, ensuring equilibrium is restored. It’s a crucial tool, used only when necessary, to maintain market integrity.

About Clearance Bots

The Clearance Bots in CVEX’s ecosystem are pivotal. They are programmed to respond swiftly in high-risk scenarios and rewarded through a portion of the liquidation fees. Their prompt actions are crucial for maintaining the market’s equilibrium and stability. A portion of the Liquidation Fee is set aside as a reward for the Clearance Bots. Generally, this is about 0.5% of the liquidated position’s nominal value, which the Platform Operator sets.

Counterparty Liquidations — Your Ultimate Safety Net

Counterparty Liquidations are rare yet essential procedures activated under extreme conditions. These liquidations are meticulously designed to be fair and immune to market manipulation. While CVEX strives to avoid this last-resort measure, its existence is vital for upholding market integrity in unpredictable scenarios.

What Is the Default Fund?

The Default Fund is a key component of CVEX’s liquidation arsenal. It plays a significant role in absorbing the shocks of defaults, thereby lessening the need for Counterparty Liquidation. Its presence and management are central to ensuring a stable trading environment on CVEX.

Conclusion

CVEX’s comprehensive liquidation protocols embody the platform’s dedication to providing a secure and fair trading environment. These measures are thoughtfully crafted to manage risks and uphold market stability, reinforcing CVEX’s position as a reliable and forward-thinking player in the decentralised finance domain.

CVEX’s liquidation safeguards constitute a comprehensive protocol that mitigates risks posed by extreme market volatility. This systematic approach to risk management ensures market stability and fairness, making CVEX a secure and reliable platform for traders in the decentralised finance space.

This intricate system of checks and balances reflects CVEX’s commitment to providing a trading environment where risks are managed effectively, ensuring the safety of traders and the overall market even under turbulent conditions.

5 min read
The Strategic Choice of Arbitrum Stylus for CVEX

In the dynamic world of decentralised finance, technology selection is pivotal. Crypto Valley Exchange (CVEX) has chosen Arbitrum Stylus for developing its smart contracts, driven by its efficiency, power, and adaptability. This decision significantly enhances the platform’s robustness, benefiting our users in multiple ways.

Combining Best Features for Peak Efficiency

Arbitrum Stylus stands out by integrating the strengths of well-established programming languages like Rust while maintaining compatibility with the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). This unique combination enables us to craft smart contracts that are not only robust but also highly efficient, setting a new standard in the realm of smart contract development.

Bridging Ecosystems through EVM Compatibility

An advantage of adopting Arbitrum Stylus is its compatibility with the CCTP and ERC-191, which is pivotal in enhancing user accessibility on CVEX. This compatibility ensures that users from various blockchain ecosystems, including Ethereum, Arbitrum, Base, and Optimism, can easily trade on our platform.

The integration with EVM allows users to trade across these diverse ecosystems with ease, transferring funds from one to another. This interoperability eliminates the barriers and complexities associated with cross-blockchain transactions. Users can enjoy a seamless trading experience, leveraging the strengths of each blockchain while still operating within the familiar environment of the Ethereum ecosystem.

Technological Leap in Computation and Memory Usage

The use of Arbitrum Stylus marks a technological advancement, with computation becoming over ten times more efficient and memory usage drastically reduced compared to traditional EVM approaches. This enhancement allows users to achieve the same level of user experience that exists on centralised DeFi products.

Optimisation for Lower Transaction Costs

One of the key benefits of incorporating Arbitrum Stylus is the significant reduction in gas usage. This optimisation translates directly into lower transaction costs for our users, addressing one of the most pressing concerns in the blockchain space — the high expense of gas fees.

Future-Readiness with Arbitrum Stylus

Our adoption of Arbitrum Stylus is not just a solution for present challenges; it’s a strategic move to future-proof the CVEX platform. As computational demands continue to evolve, our platform remains efficient and cost-effective, ensuring that we stay ahead in the rapidly advancing DeFi sector.

Enhancing Security and User Experience

Security and scalability are important in decentralised finance. Arbitrum Stylus strengthens these aspects with its advanced architectural design, which enhances security and reduces vulnerabilities.

In conclusion, the choice of Arbitrum Stylus is a testament to CVEX’s commitment to innovation and excellence in the DeFi space. By prioritising efficient technology, user-friendly experiences, and future-readiness, CVEX is not just participating in the DeFi revolution; it’s leading it. Our platform continues to evolve, always keeping our users’ needs and the ever-changing market dynamics in mind.

5 min read
The Inevitable Shift from Perpetuals to Futures

The world of cryptocurrency trading has witnessed the rise of perpetual contracts as a popular derivative product. However, their inherent disadvantages, compared to deliverable futures contracts, are increasingly becoming evident. Originating outside the cryptocurrency realm, perpetual contracts are often compared to financial instruments like CFDs and rolling spot FX contracts*, yet they bear distinct characteristics. A common myth is that they were invented in the crypto ecosystem, which is not the case.

*A little note:
CFDs (Contract for Difference):
CFDs are financial contracts that let you bet on the price movement of assets like stocks or currencies. You don’t own the asset; instead, you predict whether its price will go up or down. Your profit or loss is the difference in price from when you open to when you close your trade.
Rolling Spot FX Contracts:
These are contracts for trading currencies without a fixed end date. You can keep the trade open as long as you want, settling in cash based on the currency price changes. They’re popular in forex trading for their flexibility.

Key Drawbacks of Perpetual Contracts

Perpetual contracts have some significant problems. One big problem is that they don’t use money wisely. Most markets find it hard to trade many different types of perpetual contracts effectively. This problem becomes even more noticeable when it comes to hedging strategies. Hedging is like insurance against price changes, but perpetual contracts aren’t flexible enough for this. They’re not good for a type of hedging called ‘delta hedging,’ which is about reducing the risk of price changes in options. This limitation stops the options market from growing and becoming stronger.

Furthermore, perpetual contracts owe their success in the cryptocurrency environment to their ease of implementation within DeFi frameworks. Processes like simple margin calculations and integrated lending are easier to implement for perpetual contracts than a proper clearing mechanism. But, this simplicity comes at a cost, introducing its own set of challenges.

Design Issues and Market Risks

Perpetual contracts often rely on failed trades to fund lending pools in many protocols, a design that inherently favors retail failures over successes. This leads to inappropriate margin levels relative to market volatility, skewing the market and undermining the value for long-term hedging. Additionally, the risk management model in perpetual markets often results in imbalanced market conditions, especially in low-volatility scenarios. This poses risks for users employing these products as long-term hedges.

In markets dominated by perpetual contracts, the tendency of speculators to take one-sided positions increases exit costs and assigns disproportionate market risk, potentially leading to market instability. Poor market dynamics for market makers and skewed reward systems further exacerbate these issues.

The Future: A Shift to Futures

In light of these limitations, the crypto environment is gradually recognising the need for a shift towards futures contracts. Futures, unlike perpetual, are more capital-efficient and offer greater flexibility in hedging strategies. Their design and implementation, though complex, provide a more stable and balanced approach to market risk.

Futures contracts are widely adopted by institutional markets and are considered more effective for comprehensive risk management. Their adoption of Futures contracts is crucial for bringing more capital into the cryptocurrency ecosystem and supporting the incredible projects within it.

Conclusion

While perpetual contracts offer simplicity and ease of use, their significant challenges in terms of capital utilisation, hedging flexibility, and inherent risk in their funding and margin models are leading to a shift in preference toward futures contracts. This transition is essential for the advancement of the cryptocurrency ecosystem, ensuring better risk management capital flow optimisation and attracting more institutional participation. Futures, with their established structure and efficiency, are aimed to replace perpetual as the preferred derivative product in the evolving world of cryptocurrency trading.

5 min read
The Role of Leverage in Enhancing Trading on CVEX

Leverage is a critical concept in trading, especially on the Crypto Valley Exchange (CVEX) platform. It allows traders to amplify their market presence significantly, offering opportunities to maximise gains from their trades. CVEX, operating on the innovative Arbitrum, introduces a sophisticated margin management system that employs a Value at Risk (VaR) model, ensuring stability and security during market fluctuations.

Understanding Leverage on CVEX

On CVEX, leverage is not a one-size-fits-all solution; it is thoughtfully tailored to suit different asset classes. In the realm of cryptocurrencies, leverage typically ranges from 5x to 9x. This range is meticulously calculated based on 1 day at a 99% confidence level, illustrating a robust and thoughtful approach to risk management. For commodities trading, CVEX offers a variable leverage system. This system considers the distinct volatility profiles of each commodity, providing traders with flexibility and precision in their trading strategies.

A Strategic Approach for Leverage and Hedging

The platform takes the concept of leverage further through hedging strategies. By balancing positions across correlated assets, traders can access higher leverage levels. For instance, combining positions in ETH and BTC could allow traders to leverage up to 15x, thereby enhancing their potential returns. This strategy optimizes returns and mitigates risks associated with individual asset volatility.

For seasoned traders managing large, well-hedged options portfolios, CVEX’s capabilities shine even brighter, offering leverage up to an astonishing 1000x. This feature demonstrates CVEX’s commitment to supporting sophisticated and varied trading strategies, catering to the needs of advanced traders.

Safety Measures and Continuous Improvement

CVEX prioritizes the safety and security of its users. The platform’s leverage ratios and trading specifications are continuously reviewed and refined. This iterative process ensures that they align with the evolving interests of both the protocol and its users. Leverage, while a powerful tool, requires careful and informed use. CVEX is dedicated to maintaining a secure and transparent trading environment, continually adapting and improving to meet the needs of its diverse user base.

Staying Updated with CVEX

As with any trading tool, staying informed and educated is key to leveraging effectively. CVEX encourages its users to stay updated with the latest developments and educational resources provided through its official channels. This ensures that traders can make informed decisions and utilize leverage to its full potential while being mindful of the risks involved.

In Conclusion

In conclusion, leverage on CVEX is a dynamic and potent feature designed to suit various assets and accommodate different trading strategies. Its effective use hinges on understanding, skill, and caution. CVEX provides the tools and the environment for traders to maximize their trading potential, but it is up to the individual trader to navigate these waters skillfully and responsibly.

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